Table 2 |
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Summary of grading scales to classify ankle sprain injury. |
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| Grading scale |
Description |
Grading |
Static/dynamic |
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| American Medical Association Standard Nomenclature System [114] |
Considers the severity of the injury to the ligaments. |
- |
Static |
| Davis and Trevino [118] |
Grading according to pathology, ie the damage to the ligamentous structure and also
the instability presented clinincally. |
Fours grades with some sub-grading. |
Static |
| Mann [113] |
Grading according to swelling, sensitivity to pressure, drawer test, tilt test, ability
of jumping, running, cutting. |
Each of the three item is rated with 0–3 points (0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate,
3 = severe), a total score for final grading: Grade I: 1–3 points, Grade II: 4–6 points,
Grade III 7–9 points. |
Static |
| Jaikkomen, Kannus and Jarvinen [119] |
Three questions on subjective assessment, two clinical measurements on the ankle,
two muscle strength tests, one ankle functional stability test and one balancing test. |
Four classes grading system. Score for fully normal ankle was 100. the total score
of 85 to 100 was graded as excellent, 70–80 as good, 55–65 as fair and > = 50 as poor. |
Dynamic |
| De Bie el. Al. [120] |
Evaluates the pain, instability, weight bearing, swelling and gait pattern and adds
up to a score of 100. |
Cutoff point for being healed was defined as obtaining more than 75 points on a function
score and scoring less than two out of 12 points on the palpation or stress test.
To score as being able to walk, minimal 35 points need to be obtained. |
Dynamic |
| Clanton [114] |
Relates to the treatment protocols requested. |
Stable or unstable ankle (subgrade of non-athletics, older patients and young active
athletes). |
Dynamic |
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Fong et al. Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology 2009 1:14 doi:10.1186/1758-2555-1-14 |
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